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The World's Nine Nuclear Powers, Ranked by Warheads |
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SIPRI published its 2026 Yearbook in June. Nine countries on Earth hold nuclear weapons — 12,187 warheads between them. Two of them, Russia and the United States, own 86%. After decades of falling, the arsenals are growing again. |
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Source: SIPRI Yearbook 2026. Total warhead inventory including retired warheads, January 2026. Russia and U.S. figures are treaty-verified; the rest are estimates. |
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Russia has 5,420 warheads. The United States has 5,042. Together that is 86% of every nuclear weapon on Earth. The other seven nuclear powers hold 1,645 between them — fewer than a third of the American arsenal alone. China is third with 620 and growing faster than anyone. It is digging missile silo fields in its north and could pass 1,000 warheads by 2030. Even then it would hold about a quarter of what Russia or the United States has now. North Korea sits last with about 60. SIPRI says it has fissile material for at least 30 more and is building faster. Nine countries have the bomb. Only two have arsenals in the thousands. |
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The top two are a Cold War inheritance. Russia and the United States have led since 1949, and the order has never changed. The world held about 70,300 warheads in 1986. It holds 12,187 now. The fall was real. It has stopped. The five recognized nuclear-weapon states — the U.S., Russia, China, the U.K., France — are the five permanent members of the U.N. Security Council. The seats with a veto are the seats with the bomb. The rest are regional. Britain and France keep deterrents in the low hundreds. India and Pakistan count against each other. Israel has never admitted it has any. Small arsenals, clear purposes. |
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12,187 Nuclear warheads on Earth, held by nine countries. Down from about 70,300 in 1986 — but the decline has now stopped. |
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86% Share of all the world's warheads held by just Russia and the United States. The other seven split the rest. |
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5,420 Russia's arsenal, the world's largest. The United States is second at 5,042. No one else reaches four digits. |
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620 China's warheads, third and rising faster than anyone's. It could pass 1,000 by 2030 — still a quarter of Russia's. |
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~60 North Korea's arsenal, the smallest of the nine. It has fissile material for at least 30 more, and is producing. |
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The New START treaty expired in February with no successor — the first time in decades that nothing caps Russian and American strategic forces. Watch two things: whether Washington and Moscow add warheads back, and how fast China's new silo fields fill. SIPRI updates the count each June. The total has fallen for a generation; it could soon start rising. We'll be watching. |
